Sentence structure

Words don't change form

Use context and short markers instead of conjugation and plural endings.

Thai verbs don't change form to agree with a subject or mark tense. ไป stays the same whether the subject is I, one other person or several people. English uses go, goes and went; Thai supplies the relevant meaning through context, time expressions and separate markers.

The same verb ไป

  • ผมไปpǒm-bpai

    I go

    the verb keeps its basic form

  • เขาไปkǎo-bpai

    They go (one person)

    เขา doesn't specify gender; ไป has the same form

  • พวกเขาไปpûak-kǎo-bpai

    They go (several people)

    พวกเขา identifies a group; the verb still stays the same

  • เมื่อวานผมไปmʉ̂a-waan-pǒm-bpai

    Yesterday I went

    yesterday supplies the past time

  • พรุ่งนี้ผมจะไปprûng-níi-pǒm-jà-bpai

    Tomorrow I will go

    tomorrow and จะ indicate the future action

Thai nouns don't need an English-style plural ending. หนังสือ can mean a book or books, depending on context. When the quantity matters, use a number with a classifier or a quantity word such as หลาย, several. Some words can also be repeated with ๆ, but repetition isn't a general plural rule.

  • หนังสือnǎng-sʉ̌ʉbooksสองsɔ̌ɔngtwoเล่มlêemclassifier

    two books

    เล่ม is the classifier used here for books.

  • เด็กๆdèk-dèkchildrenเล่นlêenplay

    The children are playing.

    ๆ repeats เด็ก, child, giving เด็กๆ, children. The article on marks and spaces explains repetition.

You don't need a conjugation table for each new verb, but you do need to follow the conversation. A Thai sentence may leave tense or number unstated when the context already makes it clear. Don't add a time marker to every sentence just to reproduce an English verb ending.

Kai says

The same Thai letter can look different in a book and on a sign. Looped and loopless fonts use different shapes, and the app's font setting lets you practise both.